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A fascinating exploration of three individuals in fin-de-siÿcle France who pushed the boundaries of gender identity. Before the term "transgender" existed, there were those who experienced their gender in complex ways. Before Trans examines the lives and writings of Jane Dieulafoy (1850‿1916), Rachilde (1860‿1953), and Marc de Montifaud (1845‿1912), three French writers whose gender expression did not conform to nineteenth-century notions of f...

A fascinating exploration of three individuals in fin-de-siècle France who pushed the boundaries of gender identity. Before the term "transgender" existed, there were those who experienced their gender in complex ways. Before Trans examines the lives and writings of Jane Dieulafoy (1850-1916), Rachilde (1860-1953), and Marc de Montifaud (1845-1912), three French writers whose gender expression did not conform to nineteenth-century notions of f...

Rachel Mesch is Associate Professor of French at Yeshiva University. She is the author of The Hysteric's Revenge: French Women Writers at the Fin de Si¿e (2006).

The Hysteric's Revenge considers fin-de-siA)cle French women writers in the context of prevailing cultural anxieties about female intellect. During the years that overlap between the fin-de-siA)cle and the Belle Apoque, women began to write in record numbers, due to a number of factors including educational reforms and demographic shifts. This trend terrified many male literary critics, who described it as the acrisis of women's writinga in a ...

Brings into relief a critical relationship between the female mind and body that is essential to understanding the discursive position of the turn-of-the-century woman writer. This book includes novels that confront this mind/body problem through a wide variety of styles and genres that challenge conventional fin-de-siecle notions of femininity.